Astronomy 161 -- Autumn 2006 End-of-Quarter (Last Week) Study Guide This study guide covers the lectures from Nov 20 through Dec 1 that followed Quiz 4. All of the other lectures are covered by the previous study guides. This list, together with the other four study guides from Quizzes 1 through 4, constitute the study guide for the Final Exam. Moons of Jupiter ---------------- Galilean moons of Jupiter volcanos on Io deep ice on Europa icy vs. rocky moons young vs. old surfaces Moons of Saturn --------------- Enceladus Water fountains and cryovolcanism Tidal heating driving cryovolcanism Titan - the large moon of Saturn Thick Nitrogen & Methane atmosphere Only Solar System moon with a heavy atmosphere Methane plays role of Water on Titan Has an atmosphere because it is so cold Planetary Rings --------------- All Jovian Planets have Rings dusty rings of Jupiter bright, icy rings of Saturn narrow, dark rings of Uranus and Neptune Ring Properties Bands of orbiting dusty particles and iceballs Role of shepherd moons Role of orbital resonances Ring Origin Amount of ring material equivalent to a small icy moon Roche radius and tidal disruption Icy Worlds ---------- Triton Neptune's giant moon Young surface repaved by cryovolcanism Nitrogen geysers Pluto & Charon - Dwarf Planet composition similarities to Triton Largest of the Plutinos Eris: The Largest Dwarf Planet Member of the Scattered Disk similarities to Pluto Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) Family of icy bodies that orbit beyond Neptune Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) - confined by resonances with Neptune Plutinos - objects in 3:2 resonance with Neptune Scattered Disk Objects Comets ------ Comet orbits are long ellipses Short- and Long-Period Comets Origin of Short-Period comets in the Kuiper Belt Origin of Long-Period comets in the Oort Cloud Structure of Comets Nucleus and Coma (approximate sizes and properties) Dust and Ion Tails (different causes) Dirty Snowball model of comet nuclei Asteroids & Meteoroids ---------------------- Asteroids Small rocky/metallic bodies of the inner solar system Asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars Orbits strongly influenced by Jupiter Main Belt confined by resonances with Jupiter Kirkwood Gaps & asteroid families - in specific resonances with Jupiter Composition and types of asteroids Meteroroids: Tiny bits of rock/metal orbiting the Sun Origin in Comets and asteroids Seen as meteors, collected as meteorites Is Pluto a Planet ----------------- Definition of a Planet: 1) Orbits the Sun and is not a satellite of another planet 2) Given its shape by gravitation rather than rigid-body forces 3) Is the dominant object in its orbit Dwarf Planets Satisfy conditions of being a planet except for orbital dominance. Current Dwarf Planets: Ceres, Pluto, Eris Extrasolar Planetary Systems ---------------------------- Searches for planets around other stars Astrometric Wobble technique Doppler Wobble technique Planetary Transit technique Gravitational Microlensing Extrasolar planetary systems Jupiter-sized planets close to their parent stars Hot Jupiters in circular orbits Jupiters in very elliptical orbits Few planets around low-mass stars Few planets around metal-poor stars Orbital Migration and other ideas?