Quiz 1 Study Guide

Intro: Review of Material from Astronomy 161
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Light:
   Light as Waves and Photons
   Speed of Light
   Electromagnetic Spectrum
   Doppler Effect

Spectroscopy:
    Kirchoff's Laws of Spectroscopy
    Blackbody Spectra
    Stefan-Boltzmann & Wien Laws
    Emission-Line Spectra
    Absorption-Line Spectra

Matter and Gravity:
    Structure of Atoms
    Elements and Isotopes
    4 Fundamental Forces (Strong & Weak Nuclear Forces
        Electromagnetic, & Gravitational Forces)
    Gravity:
       Inverse Square Law
       Newton's Version of Kepler's 3rd Law
       Circular and Escape Speeds
       Gravitational Binding Energy
  
    
Unit 1: The Observed Properties of Stars
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Stellar Distances:
    Trigonometric Parallaxes
    Units of distance: Parsec & Light Year

Stellar Motions:
    Proper motions
    Radial velocity
    True Space Motion
    How these are measured and depend on distance

Stellar Brightnesses:
    Luminosity
    Apparent Brightness
    Inverse Square Law of Brightness

Stellar Spectra:
    Colors of stars and relation to Temperature
    Spectral Classification
    Spectral Sequence is a Temperature Sequence
    Main Spectral Types: O B A F G K M L T

Stellar Masses & Radii:
    Types of Binary Stars (Visual, Spectroscopic, & Eclipsing)
    Use of binary stars for measuring masses
    Which types of binaries give the best masses
    How are stellar radii measured

The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram:
    Plot of Luminosity vs. Temperature for stars.
       Main Sequence Stars
       Giant Stars
       Supergiant Stars
       White Dwarfs
    Luminosity-Radius-Temperature Relation
    Luminosity Classification through spectral line widths
       Luminosity Classes Ia Ib II III IV and V

Unit 2: Stellar Structure & Evolution (first 2 lectures)
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The Internal Structure of Stars:
    Mass-Luminosity Relationship
    Hydrostatic Equilibrium
    Core-Envelope Structure of Stars

Energy Generation in the Sun:
    The Kelvin-Helmholtz Mechanism
    Nuclear Fusion Energy
       Proton-Proton Chain
    Lifetime of the Sun
    Solar Neutrinos