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Astronomy 162:
Introduction to Stars, Galaxies, & the Universe
Prof. Richard Pogge, MTWThF 9:30
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Copyright Statement
All of the written material and some of the
graphics (static images and animations) on these pages are copyrighted
by Richard W. Pogge unless otherwise noted, and may not be reproduced
without written permission.
Educational or non-profit organizations wishing to reproduce or provide
links to any part of these pages must contact Richard Pogge (pogge.1@osu.edu)
in writing. Please see the Usage Guidelines below for specific
information.
Usage Guidelines
These web pages are intended primarily for use by Ohio State University
students enrolled in Astronomy 162 during Winter Quarter 2006 (and
previous quarters when I've taught this course). To facilitate using
these notes as part of their course work, students formally enrolled in
this section are granted permission to make single copies of the online
notes in unaltered form for exclusive personal use only, provided that
all copyright notices and citations of images and text sources remain
intact. "Personal Use", however, does not extend to additional
reproduction, alteration, distribution, or resale of these notes in any
form to anybody. Your use of these web pages implies that you agree
with and will respect these conditions of use.
All other interested persons who are not enrolled in this course at The
Ohio State University are welcome to browse these pages, provided that
they observe the following usage restrictions:
- Educators, educational organizations, or registered non-profit
organizations may link to these pages from their websites, but they
are expressly prohibited from copying any of the material on these
pages, in whole or in part, to their own websites, making translations
into other languages, or making copies for distribution in any
non-web form, electronic or physical. Graphics may not be copied
without written permission from the author, Richard Pogge (pogge.1@osu.edu). This permission
gives me a record of who is using this material outside of The Ohio
State University. Any graphics that are copied and inserted into
online documents must include a full citation as to their source,
including a link back to the page with the original context. This
serves two important purposes: it makes clear to your readers the
provenance of a graphic, and it relieves you of responsibility for
responding to queries about that graphic by others.
- You may not reproduce, distribute, translate into another
language, or resell any of the materials on these pages in any form,
nor may you charge others to gain access to these pages. In
particular, you are specifically prohibited from including any of the
written material or graphics, in whole or in part, in course note or
lecture note packages compiled with the intention of reselling them to
students enrolled in this or related courses at this or any other
educational institutions. This includes providing copies of these
notes, in whole or in part, to electronic note-taking services.
- Citations of factual material in these pages should be to the
original literature sources. Please contact the author of these pages
for information on the correct citation of particular materials, or if
you see incorrect citations so that the author may correct these
errors.
- All audio recordings of the lectures, whether obtained directly
from this site or via podcasting services like iTunes, are Copyright
© Richard Pogge, all rights reserved. You are allowed to make
personal copies for your own listening on personal computers or other
personal audio devices (including but not limited to mp3 players,
iPods, or home audio receivers), but you may not share or otherwise
distribute these audio files to others by any means. If others are
interested in listening to these lectures, please direct them to the
original sources (e.g., the RSS feed on this site or the iTunes
portal), as access by those means increases their traffic and helps
justify these services.
Note that by downloading any files from this site, you are implicitly
agreeing to the above conditions.
A Brief Note About Copyrights
The precise relationship between current Copyright Laws and publically
accessible electronic documents on a world-wide Internet is a lively topic
of ongoing discussion and debate. Copyrights are an
essential protection for teachers and students alike, as they play a
fundamental role in helping to preserve the integrity of our
intellectual activities (writing, images, etc.) by protecting our
creative works from commercial exploitation by others. I take the issue
of copyrights very seriously in the production of these web pages.
If you notice any inappropriately used or incorrectly cited text or
images, please contact me so that I can either seek the proper use
permissions or delete them from these pages (providing substitutions
where possible).
Text Sources
I have made a good faith effort to be very careful about not including
copyrighted text (other than my own) in these pages, except where I have
sought specific permission from the original authors. I would
appreciate help correcting any erroneous citations to primary sources
you might spot in these pages.
Images
Images are essential to teaching astronomy, and present a range of
copyright issues in the context of the Internet. Since copyright law
with regards to electronic graphics is still being developed, I have
little guidance except common sense. As such, I use primarily public
domain images on these pages, taking care to correctly cite the original
sources, and have sought permission for other images (e.g., I have an
agreement with the Anglo-Australian Observatory for use of some of their
copyrighted images on these pages).
Some of the images and graphics displayed during lectures are
copyrighted material not available in the public domain. While use of
these images in lecture is permitted under the heading of "Fair Use",
posting these same images to the Web is another matter altogether. I am
seeking permission from the original sources to post some of the
graphics on these pages, but not all persons have granted permission.
For example, the publishers of the textbook allow me to scan a very
limited number of graphics from the book for display in lecture (taking
the place of their plastic overheads), but they have not granted
permission to post them to the web. This can be somewhat inconvenient
for the student, as a number of the images and graphics used in lecture
are not available online and so the notes are sometimes incomplete in
that sense, but this is unavoidable.
Animations
An exciting feature of electronic presentation is the ability to set
some images into motion. In astronomy we often deal with dynamic
phenomena: rotation, orbital motion, explosions, tidal encounters &
collisions, etc., and static pictures do not convey the concepts as
clearly as animations. We are beginning to create our own animations
for these classes, and are putting them onto the web pages for the
students to view (and play with) after class to help cement the ideas.
All OSU-created animations are copyrighted and subject to the same
restrictions noted above.
Some of the animations shown in class were created by others. In these
cases, I have put in links to the original webpages from which I got
them, or am seeking permission from the creators to make local copies
available to try to help with the download time for my students. In all
cases, these local copies are accompanied by links to the original
sources, and you should always consult with the creators to seek
permission to use them.
Audio Recordings ("Podcasts")
The increasing popularity of Apple's iPod portable music player and
similar technologies has made it possible to make high-quality digital
recordings of the lectures available to students online. Delivery of
these recordings is greatly enabled by "Podcasting", an especially
simple and powerful means of online multimedia content distribution.
Students find the recordings helpful as study aids (and to make up
lectures they missed because of illness or absense), and people outside
the university have written telling me that they are listening to
them for a wide variety of reasons (interest in the topic,
"life-learning", make the daily commute less boring, etc.). The value
of these recordings as a multifaceted study aid and public outreach tool
is such that I will continue to make my lecture recordings publically
accessible. However, these recordings do fall into some gray areas with
regards to copyright and ownership of the content that are still being
worked out. This is why I ask that listeners who like the recordings
share them by directing others to the originals, rather than making
copies. This lets me preserve the integrity of the original source
material, and the additional traffic allows me to demonstrate to my
Department and University that there is enough demand for the recordings
to continue making computer and network resources available to host the
materials online.
All of these recordings are copyrighted, and while you may download
them for personal listening, you may not distribute them in any way,
or make them available to others. If other people are intersted in
listening to these lecture, please direct them to the Lecture Audio webpage.
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Updated: 2016 January 12 [rwp]